Incentives are needed to re-invigorate the development of treatments, vaccines and diagnostics for both animal and human health. For example, R&D for animal health is particular underfunded, warranting greater attention and a framework to guide prioritisation for vaccines and therapeutics. Innovation is also needed to develop monitoring tools for surveillance taking a One Health approach to support prioritisation efforts.
Action: Further action is required in implementing effective R&D incentives and within that, identifying priorities across antibiotics, vaccines and diagnostics for both human and animal health. This will require both market shaping and behaviour change initiatives. An example is encouraging the vaccination of cattle for bovine pneumonia instead of treating prophylactically with antibiotics.